In dog training, which type of learning is characterized by the dog recognizing that certain behaviors yield particular rewards?

The choice of positive reinforcement accurately describes a type of learning where a dog associates specific behaviors with particular rewards. This form of learning hinges on the principle that behaviors followed by pleasant outcomes are more likely to be repeated. For example, if a dog sits on command and receives a treat, the dog begins to understand that sitting leads to a positive experience, reinforcing that behavior.

In positive reinforcement, the focus is on adding a desirable stimulus following a desired behavior, which increases the likelihood of the behavior occurring again in the future. This method is widely used in dog training for building a repertoire of good behaviors and strengthening the bond between the trainer and the dog.

The other options reflect different learning concepts that do not specifically encapsulate the described scenario. Motivated learning may sound relevant because motivation plays a role in behavior, but it does not specifically address the cause-and-effect relationship between behavior and rewards. Latent learning involves learning that occurs without reinforcement but is not immediately expressed until a reward is introduced, which differs from the direct reward association in positive reinforcement. Observational learning pertains to learning by watching others, which also does not focus on the direct consequence of an individual's own behavior in relation to rewards.