In what scenario does sensitization typically occur?

Sensitization typically occurs after repeated exposure to a strong stimulus. This phenomenon refers to an increased reaction or heightened response to a stimulus following its prior presentation, particularly when that stimulus is intense or noxious. The process of sensitization involves the nervous system becoming more responsive to stimuli, and it can occur without any learning or conditioning.

For instance, if a dog is exposed to a loud noise repeatedly, it may become increasingly anxious or agitated in response to not just the loud noise but other related stimuli as well. This heightened reaction happens because the strong initial stimulus has made the dog more alert or sensitive to its environment.

In contrast, the other scenarios presented do not typically lead to sensitization. Extensive learning may involve different forms of conditioning, such as operant conditioning where behaviors are strengthened through reinforcement. Ignoring a stimulus might lead to habituation, where responses to an irrelevant stimulus decrease over time. Consistent reinforcement is related to encouraging particular behaviors rather than heightening responses to strong stimuli.