In which type of conditioning does a discriminative stimulus (command) lead to a response followed by consequences?

The correct answer is operant conditioning, because this type of learning process involves an association between a behavior and its consequences, facilitated by a discriminative stimulus. A discriminative stimulus is a cue or command that indicates to the animal that specific behavior will be reinforced or punished. For example, when a dog hears the command "sit," that command serves as the discriminative stimulus. If the dog sits and is then rewarded with a treat, the behavior of sitting is reinforced, increasing the likelihood that the dog will perform that behavior again in the future when given the same command.

In operant conditioning, the focus is on how voluntary behaviors are modified through reinforcement (positive or negative) or punishment. The successful association of the command with the appropriate response allows the trainer to effectively teach and modify behaviors.

Other types of conditioning do not fit this description. In classical conditioning, for instance, the focus is on creating associations between two stimuli rather than between a behavior and its consequences. In modeling, learning occurs by observing and imitating others, which does not directly involve consequences following a voluntary response. The term "conditioning" is broad and can refer to various learning processes, but does not specifically describe this relationship between stimulus, behavior, and consequence like operant conditioning