The pairing of a conditioned stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus is known as:

The pairing of a conditioned stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus is known as classical conditioning. This learning process involves creating associations between two stimuli, where the unconditioned stimulus naturally elicits a response without prior learning, while the conditioned stimulus is initially neutral but becomes associated with the unconditioned stimulus through repeated pairings. Over time, this results in the conditioned stimulus also eliciting a response, even in the absence of the unconditioned stimulus.

For instance, if a dog learns to associate the sound of a bell (the conditioned stimulus) with receiving food (the unconditioned stimulus), the dog will eventually respond to the sound of the bell alone by salivating, demonstrating the effectiveness of this type of learning. This process was famously illustrated by Ivan Pavlov in his experiments with dogs.

Other concepts like instrumental conditioning, operant conditioning, and latent learning refer to different types of learning experiences, where reinforcement and consequences play significant roles, or where learning occurs without immediate rewards, respectively. These processes do not focus specifically on the pairing of stimuli in the manner that classical conditioning does.