What can be a result of flooding, when it's applied ethically?

Flooding is a form of exposure therapy used in behavior modification, where an individual (in this case, a dog) is exposed to a feared stimulus at full intensity for a prolonged period. When applied ethically, the intent is to help the dog learn that the feared stimulus is not harmful. The most likely outcome of flooding, particularly if not paired with appropriate support and reinforcement, can lead to increased distress and a worsening of the fear response rather than the desired calming effect.

The focus of flooding is on the concept that by overwhelming the dog with its fear, and allowing it to experience the stimulus without any negative consequences, the fear can theoretically diminish. However, if the dog is not ready for such intense exposure, or if the experience is too distressing, it can lead to heightened fear and aversion, reinforcing the fear response rather than alleviating it.

This approach requires a careful understanding of the dog's behavior and emotional state and should be conducted with caution and a clear plan for providing support to prevent negative outcomes.