What consequence does the dog experience when it pulls ahead of the handler and receives a correction?

When a dog pulls ahead of the handler and receives a correction, it experiences positive punishment. In this context, positive punishment refers to the addition of an aversive stimulus or consequence in response to an undesired behavior, which in this case is the pulling ahead. The correction serves to decrease the likelihood of the pulling behavior occurring again in the future. The key element here is that something aversive is introduced to discourage the behavior.

Positive punishment is often confused with other concepts, but it specifically involves adding a stimulus following a behavior to decrease its occurrence. In training, this could take various forms, such as a verbal reprimand, leash tension, or a training device aimed at correcting the behavior when the dog is not walking nicely by the handler's side. As a result, the dog learns that pulling ahead leads to an unpleasant consequence, which ideally encourages it to stay closer to the handler during walks.