What is an example of a Fixed Ratio (FR-5) schedule?

A Fixed Ratio (FR-5) schedule involves providing a reward after a specific number of responses have been completed. In this case, a reward is given after every 5 responses. This structured approach reinforces the behavior consistently, making it clear to the dog that they need to perform the behavior five times to receive the reward. This clarity in the reinforcement schedule can encourage the dog to repeat the behavior, as they learn to associate their efforts with a reliable outcome.

The other options illustrate different types of reinforcement schedules. A reward after 3 responses represents a Fixed Ratio schedule but with a different number of responses needed for the reward, therefore it doesn't fit the FR-5 criteria. Variability in responses (as seen in the option that refers to varying between 1 to 10 responses) describes a Variable Ratio schedule, where the number of responses needed for a reward changes, making it less predictable. Finally, a random number of responses leading to a reward characterizes a Random Ratio schedule, which can create an unpredictability in reinforcement that contrasts with the structured nature of a Fixed Ratio schedule.