What is the first step in backward chaining?

The first step in backward chaining involves training the last behavior and rewarding it. This technique is based on the principle of reinforcing the final behavior first, which serves as the foundation for the preceding behaviors in a sequence. Backward chaining is effective because it allows the dog to experience immediate success and reinforcement for completing the final component of a task. This can motivate the dog to learn the earlier components of the behavior because they understand that each step leads to the final reward.

In this method, once the last behavior is reliably performed and rewarded, the trainer will then introduce the second-to-last behavior, linking it with the final one. By gradually adding steps in reverse order, the dog learns the entire sequence while associating each behavior with a positive outcome. This structured approach fosters confidence and reinforces learning progressively.

The other options, while they might play useful roles in training, do not specifically address the concept of backward chaining. For example, reinforcing the initial behavior does not align with the backward chaining process, which focuses on the end behavior first. Establishing a noise cue or using a clicker can be beneficial training tools, but they are not intrinsic to the process of backward chaining itself.