What learning outcome is observed when a puppy is tethered and learns to keep four feet on the floor by losing attention when jumping?

The scenario described reflects the principle of negative punishment. This occurs when a behavior is reduced by the removal of a pleasant stimulus. In this case, the puppy loses attention (a positive stimulus) when it jumps, leading it to learn that jumping results in the withdrawal of that attention. Consequently, the puppy learns to keep its four feet on the floor to maintain the interaction and positive attention from the owner.

Through this process, the puppy experiences a decreased likelihood of jumping because the action is not rewarded with attention, reinforcing the behavior of staying on the floor. Negative punishment is effective in teaching the puppy what behaviors do not yield the desired outcome while promoting more appropriate behaviors.

The other concepts in the options describe different processes: negative reinforcement involves strengthening a behavior by removing an unpleasant stimulus; extinction refers to the decrease of a behavior by withholding reinforcement; and positive punishment involves introducing an unpleasant stimulus to reduce a behavior. These definitions help clarify why the outcome observed in the scenario aligns specifically with negative punishment.