What occurs when a conditioned stimulus is presented after training?

The correct choice highlights the core principle of classical conditioning, which is the process by which a neutral stimulus becomes capable of eliciting a response after being associated with an unconditioned stimulus. In this context, once training has occurred, the conditioned stimulus has been paired enough times with the unconditioned stimulus to elicit a response even on its own.

In the classic example of Pavlov's dogs, the sound of a bell (the conditioned stimulus) is presented alongside the smell of food (the unconditioned stimulus). After sufficient repetitions, the bell alone can trigger salivation in the dogs, akin to the response triggered by the food. This indicates that the conditioned stimulus now elicits the same response previously only associated with the unconditioned stimulus, demonstrating the learning that has taken place.

Thus, the assertion that the conditioned stimulus will evoke the same response as the unconditioned stimulus reflects the success of conditioning whereby the stimulus has gained the ability to produce the desired reaction independently. This concept is foundational to understanding how behaviors are learned and can be reinforced through training protocols.