What term is used for any action performed that can be observed and measured?

The term used for any action performed that can be observed and measured is "Behavior/Response." This term specifically refers to the actions or reactions of an organism, usually in relation to external or internal stimuli. In the context of dog training and behavior analysis, behaviors can include anything from simple actions like sitting and staying to complex sequences such as walking through an agility course.

Behavior is fundamental in the study of animal training because it provides concrete data that can be observed and recorded, allowing trainers to develop strategies that can effectively influence or modify those behaviors through various training methods. Other terms such as "contingency," "performance," and "theory" are related concepts but do not specifically encompass observable actions in the same direct way. Contingency relates to the conditions or consequences that affect behavior, performance refers more to the execution of a task or skill, and theory pertains to a system of ideas intended to explain something rather than specific actions. Therefore, "Behavior/Response" is the most accurate choice in this context.