Which learning principle is involved when a dog learns not to touch a hot stove?

When a dog learns not to touch a hot stove, the principle most prominently involved is positive punishment. In this scenario, positive punishment occurs when the dog experiences an unpleasant consequence (such as pain or discomfort from the heat) after touching the hot stove. This aversive reaction acts as a deterrent, teaching the dog to avoid that behavior in the future due to the negative experience associated with it.

The learning process here shows that the dog's behavior (touching the stove) leads to an unwanted outcome (being burned), thus reducing the likelihood of that behavior occurring again. This principle emphasizes the role of an unpleasant stimulus applied after an undesired behavior to decrease its frequency. By understanding this concept, trainers can effectively address similar situations where undesirable behaviors need to be extinguished in a safe and humane manner.