Which of the following describes the doing of a behavior without necessarily indicating learning has occurred?

The term "performance" refers to the actual execution of a behavior at a given time. It encompasses any observable action a dog exhibits, which may not be directly tied to the underlying learning processes that may have influenced that behavior. For example, a dog might sit on command because it has been reinforced for that action in the past, but the presence of other variables, such as motivation or situational cues, can also affect whether the dog performs the behavior at any given moment.

In this context, while performance may suggest that a behavior has occurred, it does not inherently confirm that learning has taken place. Learning involves a more permanent change in behavior resulting from experience rather than just a display of behavior in specific conditions or at specific times. So, while the dog may show consistent performance of a behavior if learning has occurred, performance itself does not necessarily indicate that learning has been established.