Which strategy involves reinforcing behaviors by providing a desirable consequence after a prerequisite behavior is completed?

The Premack principle is based on the concept that high-probability behaviors (those the dog is more likely to perform) can be used to reinforce low-probability behaviors (those the dog is less likely to perform). In this case, the prerequisite behavior must be completed before the animal can access a more desirable outcome. For instance, if a dog finds fetching a ball more enjoyable than sitting, sitting can be reinforced by allowing the dog to play fetch afterward. This strategy effectively encourages the desired behavior by linking it to a positive experience, making it more likely that the dog will perform the prerequisite behavior in the future.

In contrast, operant conditioning is a broader term that encompasses any learning that occurs through the consequences of behavior, including reinforcement and punishment, but does not specifically define using one behavior to motivate another. Classical conditioning refers to a learning process that pairs a neutral stimulus with a naturally occurring stimulus to elicit a conditioned response, which is unrelated to the reinforcement of specific behaviors through prerequisites. Positive punishment involves introducing an unpleasant consequence following an undesired behavior to reduce its occurrence, which does not support the notion of reinforcing a behavior through a desirable consequence.